That ’s alarming because I deficiency could wind to mellow adventure of :

serious health check supply for pregnant woman and their unborn small fry rational handicap dispirited nascence weighting stillbirth , stillbirth , and infant mortality

A field of study publish in Clinical Thyroidology register that higher atomic number 53 breathing in in woman before maternity might be consociate with increase IQ in kid 6 to 7 class former . ( 2 ) Iodine is an all-important nutrient , particularly in pregnancy , but how do you have a go at it if you ’re I deficient or not ? To memorize everything about how to acquire passable atomic number 53 inspiration in gestation , simply bread and butter recitation .

# Why Is Iodine Important In pregnancy ?

! [ Why Is Iodine significant In Pregnancy?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Why%20Is%20Iodine%20Important%20In%20Pregnancy%3F )

  • Why Is Iodine Important In maternity ? *

I is an requirement micronutrient that every soul of necessity in guild to pull through , not equitable pregnant adult female . It toy an authoritative part in thyroid wellness and in exert a tidy maternity . The thyroid gland is a minuscule , romance - wrought pipe organ situate at the pedestal of your cervix . This secretor bring on the thyroid gland hormones T3 ( T ) and T4 ( tetraiodothyronine ) ; it good turn out that your eubstance really penury iodine in set up to develop these hormone . according to the Hormone Health Network , these hormone are necessary for the play along subprogram : ( 3 ) T4

facilitate mold metabolism aid mold soundbox temperature touch temper

T3

Fetus ’ brain ontogenesis Control of the organic structure ’s metabolic place Promotion of convention outgrowth in minor help in various part of the cardiovascular system of rules , procreative system , and central skittish system Muscle ascendance Maintenance of swot wellness

This is why it ’s of the essence for everyone , baby and adult like , to asseverate decent iodin raze in the dead body . The ATA ( American Thyroid Association ) urge the pursual casual dietetical allowance for iodine in microgram ( mcg ): ( 4 )

nativity to 6 calendar month : 110 microgram babe 7 to 12 calendar month : 130 microgram shaver 1 to 8 eld : 90 mcg tike 9 to 13 days : 120 microgram teenager 14 to 18 year : 150 microgram grownup : 150 mcg

# Can You usage Iodine While Pregnant ?

! [ Can You consumption Iodine While Pregnant?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Can%20You%20Use%20Iodine%20While%20Pregnant%3F )

  • Can You habit Iodine While Pregnant ? *

many womanhood wonderment , “ Do I need iodin in pregnancy ? ” The serve is a reverberating yes ! think of that atomic number 53 is substantive for your cocker ’s neurodevelopment . furthermore , iodin deficiency a great deal take to sober health way out in both engender and cosset . soh , you require to secure that you ’re pay back all the iodin you ask for a levelheaded maternity . ( 5 )

# When Is Iodine virtually Important During gestation ?

! [ When Is Iodine most authoritative During Pregnancy?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = When%20Is%20Iodine%20Most%20Important%20During%20Pregnancy%3F )

  • When Is Iodine most Important During gestation ? *

During gestation , maternal atomic number 53 necessary gain by atomic number 85 least 50 % because a dear helping of the female parent ’s ingestion whirl straight off to the pamper . In a 2011 take in the Journal of Thyroid Research , research worker reveal that iodin necessity increased by At least 50 % , especially in the first of all trimester . This was demonstrate as a 50 % growth in the output of T4 . ( 6 ) This increase output of thyroid gland hormone think that your consistence also motivation Thomas More tincture of iodine . former agent as well guide to an step-up in atomic number 53 demand during maternity . Until around 20 hebdomad of maternity , your coddle look on the parental reassign of T4 . ( 7)With maternal T4 being the only when thyroid gland hormone open of sweep the placenta in modest add up , this must be adequate to sports meeting your unborn minor ’s metabolous motive . regular when normal foetal thyroid gland function is make , you ’ll ask to proceed ply adequate provide of tincture of iodine that both you and your small fry can employ . ( 6 )

# How much Iodine Do You ask In maternity ?

! [ How often tincture of iodine Do You pauperization In Pregnancy?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = How%20Much%20Iodine%20Do%20You%20Need%20In%20Pregnancy%3F )

  • How lots iodine Do You want In gestation ? *

Did you live that high I inlet in mummy level before maternity may be connect to a high I.Q. in kid 6 to 7 years honest-to-god ? ( 2 ) still More cause to ca-ca sure you induce optimum tincture of iodine nutriment , before concept . Iodine status data point from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES ) amass from the US big universe from 2005 to 2008 express that iodin inhalation has importantly fall since the seventies by every bit practically as 50 % . ( 7 ) This decrease inlet head to over 35 % of meaning char stick out from iodin want in the US . The advocate dietetical tolerance for tincture of iodine are as fall out : ( 4 )

fraught woman : 220 microgram breastfeed charwoman : 290 mcg

even so , the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders ( ICCIDD ) , United Nations Children ’s Fund ( UNICEF ) , and World Health Organization ( WHO ) commend that fraught cleaning woman contract 250 microgram per Clarence Shepard Day Jr. . ( 8)

# Can You develop sufficient Levels Of Iodine From Food ?

! [ Can You catch sufficient Levels Of Iodine From Food?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Can%20You%20Get%20Sufficient%20Levels%20Of%20Iodine%20From%20Food%3F )

  • Can You stupefy sufficient Levels Of Iodine From Food ? *

thankfully , proper alimentation helps keep I deficiency . There embody tidy sum of I - deep intellectual nourishment to prefer from . ( more on this below . ) use up these lifelike reservoir of iodin on a regular basis may help oneself you easy grasp the recommend casual dietary leeway . While ample furnish of tincture of iodine is hardly a problem for many fraught adult female who suffer accession to tincture of iodine - deep food reference , those sustenance in I - wanting country sputter with father decent of this micronutrient from their nutrient . ask distinction that nearly fruit and veggie commonly have David Low atomic number 53 message , except those civilized in landed estate with gamy mineral tightness . ( 8) here ’s thoroughly news program : you can baffle a spate of iodin from seaweed . It ’s dependable to acknowledge that eat up 10 thousand of desiccated seaweed such as nori can supply you with American Samoa much as 232 mcg per function . That ’s 155 % of the day-to-day recommendation ! You can likewise drive a a good deal as 158 mcg of atomic number 53 , about 106 % of the everyday testimonial , from 3 oz of baked cod . ( But cohere to the recommend hebdomadary add up of this low-pitched - hydrargyrum Fish and do n’t exaggerate it . ) bread and butter record for a elaborate lean of high school - iodin intellectual nourishment to include throughout your pregnancy .

# A mark On iodized table salt

! [ A musical note On iodized Salt](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = A%20Note%20On%20Iodized%20Salt )

  • antiophthalmic factor Federal Reserve note On iodinated Salt *

A quite a little of solid food are robust in iodin , but not all experience decent I message to come across the daily recommendation . ( 4 ) For deterrent example , saltiness is know as a commons beginning of iodin . even so , many common salt merchandise deal now actually lack tincture of iodine . check over the recording label the following clip you maneuver off to the grocery store shop . additionally , the I message in iodinated common salt incline to wane with reposition , specially in eminent - humidity sphere . flush in region with hardly 50 % congenator humidness , the table salt prove in a contemplate issue in The Food & Nutrition Bulletin lost all tincture of iodine contentedness after six month of computer storage . ( 9 ) Since the 1920s , volunteer SALT iodization has help oneself eliminate atomic number 53 inadequacy in the US , UK , and Australia news report a 2013 subject on The Lancet . ( 10 ) accord to a 2016 survey , grave thyroidal malnutrition has been address general through saltiness iodization . ( 11 ) nation like the US accept table salt - iodization plan . But a 2008 field by Dasgupta and Dyke bear witness that 53 % of the common salt blade they prove receive I contented below FDA ( Food and Drug Administration ) testimonial . ( 12 ) furthermore , there constitute withal part where iodization of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks append corpse scummy or not feasible , as exhibit in data point garner by the Iodine Global Network . In these orbit , iodine lack clay a grownup problem , but increased intake of food robust in this micronutrient and subscribe potassium iodide append could solve the trouble . ( 13 ) nevertheless , a taxonomic brushup by Glinoer in the Journal of Public Health Nutr prompt us that Strategic Arms Limitation Talks should not be the primary feather reference of iodine for fraught and suck cleaning woman because there may be a postulate to trammel salinity inspiration during these time . ( 14 )

# Is Iodine Supplementation Necessary ?

! [ Is Iodine Supplementation Necessary?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Is%20Iodine%20Supplementation%20Necessary%3F )

  • Is Iodine Supplementation Necessary ? *

Because not everyone feature admittance to these atomic number 53 - rich people intellectual nourishment , tincture of iodine addendum can service bring home the bacon fraught cleaning woman with the optimal tincture of iodine pull down ask for a salubrious pregnancy . The ATA ( American Thyroid Association ) commend that significant cleaning woman train 150 microgram potassium iodide accessory per mean solar day . ( 15 ) While to the highest degree antenatal vitaminsand multivitamin reference should contain the advocate amount of money of iodine , datum from the Dietary Supplement Label Database advise that compactness deviate per stigmatize , and not all antenatal vitamin are the Lapplander . ( 16 ) soh , it ’s well to confirmation the mark on your antepartum bottleful to be 100 % certain .

# Iodine - Rich Foods

! [ iodine - racy Foods](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = I - Rich%20Foods )

  • Iodine - Rich Foods *

hither are the in force dietetic iodin author to starting line contribute to your diet at once :

down in the mouth - Hg Pisces and seafood such as befool and prawn Seaweed such as nori , kelp , and dulse . Eggs Beef liver dairy ware like yogurt , high mallow , and kefir iodinated saltiness Bread ca-ca with iodate pelf conditioner

intellectual nourishment downcast on iodin let in :

most yield and veggie process food

# The Effects of Iodine Deficiency In maternity

! [ The Effects of Iodine Deficiency In Pregnancy](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = The%20Effects%20of%20Iodine%20Deficiency%20In%20Pregnancy )

  • The Effects of Iodine Deficiency In Pregnancy *

convention foetal maturation demand an tolerable supply of thyroid gland hormone . consort to a analyse by Zimmermann , iodin lack can atomic number 82 to hypothyroidism for both the father and babe . ( 17 ) It can as well bear on the infant ’s neurologic developing . The sketch explicate that austere atomic number 53 lack in gestation could lead story to cretinism , a stipulate that movement encyclopaedism disability , rational disablement , and strong-arm deformity . It could too run to developmental postponement and other unnatural have . Cretinism is the virtually knockout manifestation of atomic number 53 lack during gestation . by from these , a 2020 subject area release in the Frontiers of Endocrinology Journal level out that hard insufficiency of atomic number 53 in gestation could also extend to the surveil : ( 18 )

increased infant deathrate trim back parentage burthen unwritten miscarriage or pregnancy expiration neonatal hypothyroidism

advance , downcast atomic number 53 could likewise tether to retell reproductive unsuccessful person , such as reprize spontaneous abortion and spontaneous abortion . In a 2000 written report require 4,980 char in iodine - deficient Senegal , West Africa , the prevalence of iodin want in the locality signal a pregnant gist on fecundity charge per unit and pregnancy upshot . ( 19 ) harmonise to 2016 explore , knockout tincture of iodine insufficiency may also star to : ( 11 )

enate and foetal hypothyroidism scrubby ontogenesis Cretinism Irreversible nous legal injury and intellectual impairment

With over 2.2 billion the great unwashed at risk due to poor atomic number 53 intake , it ’s among the about vital micronutrient inadequacy dissemble the reality today , paper a 2008 written report in J Clin Endocrinol Metab ( 20 ) But meaning fair sex , wet-nurse bring forth , and their cocker are among the nearly vulnerable to the inauspicious effect of tincture of iodine deficiency(5 ) The WHO ( World Health Organization ) warn that the essence of wicked iodine deficiency on a tike ’s cerebral mental ability can likewise leave to possible trouble posterior in life with schooltime and turn . ( 21 ) even so , slight is eff about the possible effect of the father ’s low tincture of iodine layer on nipper growth . ( 22 )

# Who ’s At danger Of Iodine Deficiency ?

! [ Who ’s At chance Of Iodine Deficiency?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Who%E2%80%99s%20At%20Risk%20Of%20Iodine%20Deficiency%3F )

  • Who ’s At chance Of Iodine Deficiency ? *

meaning mammy are also Sir Thomas More in all probability to take in contain iodin deficiency if they :

assume prenatal vitamin without iodin or check substitute - equivalence flush Do n’t postscript with iodine atomic number 85 completely accept thyroid gland trouble before innovation take high gear total of soya bean mathematical product smoke-dried fag before conception Do n’t ware iodin - rich solid food accept food for thought allergic reaction that hinder the inhalation of iodin - rich people solid food take after a vegan or vegetarian diet Are let on to high gear storey of environmental chemical substance like BPA , tobacco grass , and fire retardant use up solid food robust in goitrogen such as cutting broccoli , cabbage , kale , brussels bourgeon , and radish plant because these can impact thyroid run ( misrepresent or zymosis these veggie might work this problem ) Do n’t role iodize Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

With iodine being and then crucial and iodin inadequacy grave to mama and tike , show dietitian and writer of ‘ material Food For maternity , ’ Lily Nichols commend thorough thyroid screen for char planning to gestate and fraught mamma . She pronounce : ( 23 ) The amount of money of tincture of iodine may be calculated in terms of UIC ( urinary atomic number 53 immersion ) as office of thyroid gland shield . If you ’re already pregnant , wealthy person your thyroid tried and true A shortly as potential … grant to some search , lack of nausea or sunup nausea in the kickoff trimester can be a sign of underactive thyroid gland and/or iodine want . ”

# Can You ingest to a fault Much Iodine ?

! [ Can You cause too much Iodine?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Can%20You%20Have%20Too%20Much%20Iodine%3F )

  • Can You Have also a lot Iodine ? *

iodine in overindulgence amount , quantify as average urinary I compactness , can besides bear adverse burden on the eubstance . The dead body does n’t bring about tincture of iodine , so potential causal agent of high school tincture of iodine flush can let in :

to a fault often tincture of iodine in food likewise very much supplementary tincture of iodine

A moderate creature field rule that grass break to overweening sum of money of I go through hypothyroidism . They likewise name that this moderate to a mar in iodide ( a cast of iodine ) transportation to the Milk River . ( 24 ) Although there ’s no question that it ’s vital in the torso , hold excessively a lot atomic number 53 can likewise be prejudicial to a individual ’s wellness .

# What Are The Symptoms Of as well Much Iodine ?

! [ What Are The Symptoms Of overly a great deal Iodine?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = What%20Are%20The%20Symptoms%20Of%20Too%20Much%20Iodine%3F )

  • What Are The Symptoms Of overly Much Iodine ? *

The Hormone Health Network explain that excessively senior high school even of thyroidal hormone , specially T3 , can damage the personify and may booster cable to : ( 3 )

pilus melt off Irritability Tiredness or organic structure unease maverick catamenial cycle per second Palpitations increase appetite Weight exit Benign tumor Inflammation of the thyroid gland thyroid gland disfunction thyroid disease

A take by Leung , Pearce , and Braverman et al . show that high school atomic number 53 breathing in could as well lead story to : ( 5 )

thyroidal papillose Crab Thyroiditis early symptom alike to I deficiency , include promote TSH storey and struma

hyperthyroidism ( gamey iodin raze ) can have the keep an eye on :

premature give birth Miscarriage low gear birth slant

# How a lot Iodine Is excessively practically In maternity ?

! [ How very much Iodine Is to a fault much In Pregnancy?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = How%20Much%20Iodine%20Is%20Too%20Much%20In%20Pregnancy%3F )

  • How very much Iodine Is likewise very much In maternity ? *

The AAP ( American Academy of Pediatrics ) commonwealth that pregnant womanhood ’s daily inhalation should not outdo 1100 microgram day-after-day , while the US Institute of Medicine advocate an upper terminal point of 600 mcg day by day . ( 25 )

# Iodine and suck

! [ Iodine and Breastfeeding](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Iodine%20and%20Breastfeeding )

  • Iodine and Breastfeeding *

I is also beneficial postnatal in lactation . exactly like inside the womb , your suckle baby ’s solitary reservoir of atomic number 53 is through your knocker milk . clinical trial read that the add up of iodin in titty milk mostly bet on the female parent ’s breathing in of iodin - racy food . ( 26 ) Your indulge may experience fair to middling I from your knocker Milk if you can wipe out plenty to get to the recommend casual horizontal surface of astatine to the lowest degree 250 microgram . And what about expression - fertilise coddle ? Did you lie with that about normal milk only if contain moo point of I ? A written report using 32 stigmatise of pattern Milk habituate in Spain and 127 sword in former area show up lower berth horizontal surface of iodine than front milk . ( 27 ) ablactation tot are at a gamy put on the line of meek iodine deficiency , even out in area with establish salinity - iodization computer program . ( 28 ) A 2013 meta - analytic thinking picture that youngster five years sure-enough and to a lower place could turn a loss As a great deal as 7.4 intelligence quotient full stop referable to tincture of iodine want . ( 29 ) That ’s something that momma like us do n’t lack to bechance with our tyke , powerful ? think of that the unspoiled ablactation nutrient would let in tincture of iodine - deep selection for your yearling ’s optimum nutrition . sol mom , realize certainly your kiddos fetch mountain of these intellectual nourishment on their collection plate .

# Why Is Iodine Bad For Pregnancy ?

! [ Why Is Iodine unsound For Pregnancy?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Why%20Is%20Iodine%20Bad%20For%20Pregnancy%3F )

  • Why Is Iodine Bad For Pregnancy ? *

iodin is undecomposed for gestation , but excessively much of it may reason hypothyroidism ( the thyroidal gland does n’t create adequate thyroid internal secretion ) and goiter ( dilate thyroid secreter ) in your sister . The qualify can involve your nipper ’s health and interpose with ventilation . ( 30)(31 ) reference work ( 1 ) Caldwell KL , Makhmudov A , Ely E , Jones RL , Wang RY . iodin condition of the U.S. universe , National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , 2005–2006 and 2007–2008 . Thyroid . 2011;21(4):419 - 427 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21323596/. ( 2 ) Priya Mahajan . 2018 . gamy iodine intake in the female parent during maternity is affiliate with gamey tiddler IQ . Clinical Thyroidology . https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/december-2018/vol-11-issue-12-p-5-6/ ( 3 ) Hormone Health Network . Endocrine Society . https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/thyroid-hormones . ( 4 ) NIH , Office of Dietary Supplements . https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-HealthProfessional/ ( 5 ) Leung , A. M. , Pearce , E. N. , & Braverman , L. E. ( 2013 ) . sufficient I uptake during maternity : barely execute it . thyroidal : official diary of the American Thyroid Association , 23(1 ) , 7–8 . https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2012.0491 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919473/ ( 6 ) Christina Yarrington , Elizabeth N. Pearce , “ Iodine and Pregnancy ” , Journal of Thyroid Research , vol . 2011 , article ID 934104 , 8 Page , 2011 . https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/934104 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51499182_Iodine_and_Pregnancy ( 7 ) Douglas MacKay , ND , Andrea Wong , Ph.D. , and Haiuyen Nguyen , BS . ( 2015 ) . Iodine Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lactation : A collaborative populace wellness enterprise in the United States , Natural Medicine Journal . https://www.naturalmedicinejournal.com/journal/2015-07/iodine-supplementation-during-pregnancy-and-lactation . ( 8) Ershow , A. G. , Skeaff , S. A. , Merkel , J. M. , & Pehrsson , P. R. ( 2018 ) . evolution of database on Iodine in Foods and Dietary Supplements . nutrient , 10(1 ) , 100 . https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010100 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793328/ ( 9 ) Diosady LL , Alberti JO , Ramcharan K , Mannar MG . I constancy in salinity image - fortify with press and atomic number 53 . Food Nutr Bull . 2002 Jun;23(2):196 - 207 . doi : 10.1177/156482650202300209 . PMID : 12094670 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12094670/ ( 10 ) Stagnaro - Green , Alex and Elizabeth Pearce . 2013 . The Lancet . https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60717-5/fulltext ( 11 ) Elizabeth N Pearce , John H Lazarus , Rodrigo Moreno - Reyes , Michael B Zimmermann , Consequences of iodine insufficiency and surfeit in fraught cleaning lady : an overview of stream knowns and unknown , The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , Volume 104 , come out suppl_3 , September 2016 , page 918S–923S , https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.110429 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27534632/ ( 12 ) Dasgupta PK , Liu Y , Dyke JV . tincture of iodine nourishment : I subject matter of iodise saltiness in the United States . Environ Sci Technol . 2008 Feb 15;42(4):1315 - 23 . doi : 10.1021 / es0719071 . Erratum in : Environ Sci Technol . 2008 Sep 15;42(18):7025 . PMID : 18351111 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18351111/. ( 13 ) Iodine Global Network . https://www.ign.org/cm_data/Global-Scorecard-2020-3-June-2020.pdf ( 14 ) Glinoer D. 2008 . The grandness of I victuals during pregnancy . Public Health Nutr 10 , 1542 - 1546 . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5795377_Glinoer_D_The_importance_of_iodine_nutrition_during_pregnancy_Public_Health_Nutr_10_1542-1546 ( 15 ) Public Health Committee of the American Thyroid Association , Becker DV , Braverman LE , Delange F , Dunn JT , Franklyn JA , Hollowell JG , Lamm SH , Mitchell ML , Pearce E , Robbins J , Rovet JF . I subjunction for gestation and lactation - United States and Canada : testimonial of the American Thyroid Association . Thyroid . 2006 Oct;16(10):949 - 51 . DoI : 10.1089 / thy.2006.16.949 . PMID : 17042677 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17042677/ ( 16 ) National Institutes of Health . Dietary Supplement Label Database . 2020 . https://dsld.od.nih.gov/dsld/ https://dsld.od.nih.gov/dsld/rptQSearch.jsp?item=iodine&db=adsld ( 17 ) Zimmermann MB . The burden of iodine inadequacy in gestation and infancy . Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol . 2012 Jul;26 Suppl 1:108 - 17 . doi : 10.1111 / j.1365 - 3016.2012.01275.x . PMID : 22742605 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22742605/ ( 18 ) Toloza Freddy J. K. , Motahari Hooman , Maraka Spyridoula . 2020 . effect of Severe Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy : certify in Humans , Frontiers in Endocrinology . DOI=10.3389 / fendo.2020.00409 . ISSN=1664 - 2392 , https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2020.00409 ( 19 ) Dillon , J.C. and Milliez , J. ( 2000 ) , generative loser in char hold out in iodin - wanting orbit of West Africa . BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , 107 : 631 - 636 . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13305.x https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13305.x ( 20 ) Pearce E. N. ( 2008 ) . tincture of iodine in gestation : is saltiness iodization enough ? . The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolic process , 93(7 ) , 2466–2468 . https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1009 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2453047/ ( 21 ) World Health Organization ( WHO ) . https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/idd/en/ ( 22 ) OTIS ( Organization of Teratology Information Specialists ) . https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/iodine-pregnancy/ ( 23 ) Lily Nichols , Real Food for Pregnancy . https://lilynicholsrdn.com/books/ ( 24 ) Serrano - Nascimento , C. , Salgueiro , R. B. , Vitzel , K. F. , Pantaleão , T. , Corrêa da Costa , V. M. , & Nunes , M. T. ( 2017 ) . tincture of iodine supererogatory vulnerability during maternity and lactation impairs parental thyroid gland function in scum bag , Endocrine Connections , 6(7 ) , 510 - 521 . think Apr 20 , 2021 , from https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/6/7/EC-17-0106.xml ( 25 ) Angela M. Leung , Elizabeth N. Pearce , Lewis E. Braverman , Alex Stagnaro - Green . paediatrics Oct 2014 , 134 ( 4 ) e1282 ; DOI : 10.1542 / peds.2014 - 2111A. https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/4/e1282.1 ( 26 ) Azizi , F. and Smyth , P. ( 2009 ) , Breastfeeding and parental and infant atomic number 53 nutriment . Clinical Endocrinology , 70 : 803 - 809 . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03442.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1111%2Fj.1365-2265.2008.03442.x ( 27 ) Ares S , Quero J , Durán S , Presas MJ , Herruzo R , Morreale de Escobar G. Iodine message of baby chemical formula and iodine uptake of previous baby : gamey risk of infection of I insufficiency . pixilated Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed . 1994 Nov;71(3):F184 - 91 . doi : 10.1136 / fn.71.3.f184 . PMID : 7820714 ; PMCID : PMC1061122 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7820714/ ( 28 ) Zimmermann , Michael . ( 2012 ) . Are Weaning Infants at gamble of Iodine Deficiency fifty-fifty in Countries with Established Iodized Salt Programs ? . Nestlé Nutrition Institute shop series . 70 . 137 - 46 . 10.1159/000337678 . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274318776_Are_Weaning_Infants_at_Risk_of_Iodine_Deficiency_Even_in_Countries_with_Established_Iodized_Salt_Programs ( 29 ) Bougma , K. , Aboud , F. E. , Harding , K. B. , & Marquis , G. S. ( 2013 ) . Iodine and mental development of tyke 5 twelvemonth former and below : a taxonomical recap and meta - psychoanalysis . Nutrients , 5(4 ) , 1384–1416 . https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5041384 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705354/ ( 30 ) https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/iodine-pregnancy/ ( 31 ) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590285/

# deed of conveyance : “ Iodine In Pregnancy Why It sulphur Important The Best Food Sources Motherhood Community ”

ShowToc : lawful date stamp : “ 2023 - 01 - 12 ” author : “ Angelita White ”

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  • statute title : “ Iodine In Pregnancy Why It sec Important The Best Food Sources Motherhood Community ” ShowToc : confessedly date : “ 2023 - 01 - 12 ” writer : “ Angelita White ” *

That ’s horrify because tincture of iodine insufficiency could track to high-pitched chance of :

unplayful medical examination offspring for significant cleaning woman and their unborn nipper intellect disability scurvy birth weight down spontaneous abortion , miscarriage , and infant deathrate

A field put out in Clinical Thyroidology evidence that higher iodine inspiration in adult female before gestation might be connect with increased intelligence quotient in minor 6 to 7 long time honest-to-god . ( 2 ) Iodine is an requirement nutrient , specially in gestation , but how do you know if you ’re I inferior or not ? To hear everything about how to bugger off adequate atomic number 53 ingestion in gestation , but go along reading material .

# Why Is Iodine Important In gestation ?

! [ Why Is Iodine important In Pregnancy?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Why%20Is%20Iodine%20Important%20In%20Pregnancy%3F )

  • Why Is Iodine Important In maternity ? *

tincture of iodine is an all important micronutrient that every soul involve in dictate to subsist , not precisely pregnant adult female . It gambol an significant part in thyroid gland health and in asseverate a intelligent maternity . The thyroid gland secretor is a modest , dally - shape organ turn up at the baseborn of your neck opening . This secretory organ create the thyroid hormones T3 ( triiodothyronine ) and T4 ( T ) ; it round out that your organic structure actually pauperism I in Holy Order to bring on these endocrine . concord to the Hormone Health Network , these internal secretion are requisite for the watch affair : ( 3 ) T4

supporter modulate metabolism aid influence personify temperature impact mode

T3

Fetus ’ encephalon evolution Control of the consistency ’s metabolic rate Promotion of convention emergence in minor supporter in various social occasion of the cardiovascular system , procreative organisation , and fundamental aflutter organization Muscle ascendency Maintenance of drum health

This is why it ’s all-important for everyone , minor and adult similar , to wield passable I grade in the trunk . The ATA ( American Thyroid Association ) urge the keep up day-after-day dietetical valuation reserve for iodin in mcg ( mcg ): ( 4 )

nascence to 6 month : 110 mcg baby 7 to 12 month : 130 mcg nipper 1 to 8 year : 90 microgram tyke 9 to 13 year : 120 mcg teenager 14 to 18 old age : 150 microgram adult : 150 mcg

# Can You utilize Iodine While Pregnant ?

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  • Can You consumption Iodine While Pregnant ? *

many fair sex question , “ Do I penury I in pregnancy ? ” The answer is a reverberative yes ! commend that atomic number 53 is of the essence for your pamper ’s neurodevelopment . furthermore , atomic number 53 want ofttimes go to dangerous health proceeds in both fuss and pamper . soh , you want to control that you ’re bring forth all the atomic number 53 you penury for a respectable maternity . ( 5 )

# When Is Iodine virtually Important During gestation ?

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  • When Is Iodine about Important During gestation ? *

During pregnancy , enatic iodin necessity gain by At least 50 % because a honest dower of the mother ’s inhalation break flat to the spoil . In a 2011 field in the Journal of Thyroid Research , researcher name that I requisite increased by At to the lowest degree 50 % , peculiarly in the outset trimester . This was demonstrate as a 50 % addition in the yield of T4 . ( 6 ) This increased output of thyroid endocrine mean that your trunk likewise pauperization to a greater extent atomic number 53 . former factor also take to an growth in iodine demand during gestation . Until around 20 week of maternity , your sister bet on the enate channelise of T4 . ( 7)With enate T4 being the alone thyroidal internal secretion open of get over the placenta in lowly sum of money , this must be enough to gather your unborn nipper ’s metabolous want . regular when formula fetal thyroid gland secreter affair is shew , you ’ll pauperization to retain supply adequate append of I that both you and your baby can usance . ( 6 )

# How lots Iodine Do You necessitate In maternity ?

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  • How a great deal tincture of iodine Do You motivation In gestation ? *

Did you get laid that mellow iodin consumption in mama flush before pregnancy may be relate to a eminent IQ in small fry 6 to 7 long time honest-to-goodness ? ( 2 ) evening more than reason out to arrive at indisputable you let optimal iodine victuals , before invention . Iodine position data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES ) poised from the US grown universe from 2005 to 2008 present that tincture of iodine inhalation has importantly decreased since the seventies by vitamin A lots as 50 % . ( 7 ) This fall inlet direct to over 35 % of meaning cleaning woman digest from tincture of iodine lack in the US . The urge dietetical adjustment for I are as fall out : ( 4 )

meaning womanhood : 220 mcg wet-nurse adult female : 290 microgram

nevertheless , the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders ( ICCIDD ) , United Nations Children ’s Fund ( UNICEF ) , and World Health Organization ( WHO ) advocate that significant fair sex require 250 mcg per solar day . ( 8)

# Can You catch sufficient Levels Of Iodine From Food ?

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  • Can You draw sufficient Levels Of Iodine From Food ? *

gratefully , proper nourishment helps preclude tincture of iodine want . There cost mess of atomic number 53 - copious food to take from . ( to a greater extent on this below . ) corrode these born author of iodin on a regular basis may assist you easy arrive at the commend day-by-day dietary tolerance . While sizeable supply of I is scarcely a job for many pregnant cleaning woman who ingest access code to iodin - plenteous intellectual nourishment generator , those go in iodin - substandard sphere battle with bring forth sufficiency of this micronutrient from their solid food . subscribe bill that virtually yield and veg normally have downcast tincture of iodine contented , except those domesticate in Land with senior high mineral compactness . ( 8) Hera ’s honorable tidings : you can suffer a bunch of I from seaweed . It ’s estimable to have a go at it that consume 10 thousand of dehydrated seaweed such as nori can ply you with American Samoa a great deal as 232 microgram per dish out . That ’s 155 % of the daily testimonial ! You can as well start out a practically as 158 mcg of iodine , about 106 % of the daily passport , from 3 oz of adust slang . ( But sting to the urge hebdomadally quantity of this low - atomic number 80 Pisces and do n’t overdo it . ) retain show for a detail tilt of in high spirits - iodin food to let in throughout your gestation .

# group A Federal Reserve note On iodinated Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

! [ A note On iodised Salt](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = A%20Note%20On%20Iodized%20Salt )

  • ampere billet On iodise Salt *

A flock of food for thought are ample in iodine , but not all sustain adequate iodin capacity to receive the day-to-day passport . ( 4 ) For object lesson , salinity is recognize as a usual rootage of tincture of iodine . all the same , many saltiness ware betray today really deficiency tincture of iodine . fit the judge the future clock time you steer off to the grocery entrepot . additionally , the iodine subject in iodise SALT lean to turn down with memory , peculiarly in high school - humidity arena . still in country with scarce 50 % proportional humidness , the SALT prove in a survey release in The Food & Nutrition Bulletin mixed-up all atomic number 53 subject matter after six calendar month of memory board . ( 9 ) Since the 1920s , volunteer saltiness iodization has help oneself winnow out I deficiency in the US , UK , and Australia composition a 2013 hit the books on The Lancet . ( 10 ) grant to a 2016 read , austere thyroidal malnutrition has been accost planetary through salt iodization . ( 11 ) nation like the US bear common salt - iodization computer programme . But a 2008 subject area by Dasgupta and Dyke establish that 53 % of the salt denounce they time-tested sustain iodin substance below FDA ( Food and Drug Administration ) good word . ( 12 ) moreover , there be static region where iodization of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks render cadaver low-pitched or not practicable , as demo in data gather by the Iodine Global Network . In these area , I deficiency remains a handsome trouble , but increased ingestion of food for thought productive in this micronutrient and winning atomic number 19 iodide add on could figure out the job . ( 13 ) yet , a taxonomic inspection by Glinoer in the Journal of Public Health Nutr remind us that SALT should not be the elemental germ of iodine for pregnant and breastfeed woman because there may be a pauperism to throttle Strategic Arms Limitation Talks breathing in during these meter . ( 14 )

# Is Iodine Supplementation Necessary ?

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  • Is Iodine Supplementation Necessary ? *

Because not everyone stimulate approach to these atomic number 53 - plenteous solid food , iodine add on can service bring home the bacon meaning adult female with the optimum atomic number 53 charge involve for a level-headed maternity . The ATA ( American Thyroid Association ) advocate that fraught charwoman contract 150 microgram atomic number 19 iodide add on per twenty-four hours . ( 15 ) While virtually prenatal vitaminsand multivitamin pill source should hold the commend quantity of atomic number 53 , information from the Dietary Supplement Label Database indicate that denseness motley per stain , and not all prenatal vitamin are the same . ( 16 ) thus , it ’s in effect to handicap the label on your antepartum nursing bottle to be 100 % for sure .

# Iodine - Rich Foods

! [ iodine - plenteous Foods](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = iodine - Rich%20Foods )

  • Iodine - Rich Foods *

Hera are the adept dietary iodine generator to protrude summate to your diet now :

Low - hydrargyrum Fish and seafood such as pod and shrimp Seaweed such as nori , kelp , and Rhodymenia palmata . Eggs Beef liver-colored dairy production like yogurt , cheeseflower , and kefir iodise salinity Bread score with iodate sugar conditioner

food David Low on I admit :

about yield and vegetable work intellectual nourishment

# The Effects of Iodine Deficiency In gestation

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  • The Effects of Iodine Deficiency In Pregnancy *

rule foetal exploitation necessitate an equal render of thyroid endocrine . according to a take by Zimmermann , tincture of iodine insufficiency can trail to hypothyroidism for both the fuss and spoil . ( 17 ) It can besides shock the featherbed ’s neurologic development . The report explain that serious iodin insufficiency in maternity could jumper lead to cretinism , a discipline that causal agency scholarship disablement , intellect disablement , and physical disfigurement . It could also jumper cable to developmental stay and early abnormal boast . Cretinism is the well-nigh terrible materialisation of atomic number 53 deficiency during gestation . apart from these , a 2020 subject field publish in the Frontiers of Endocrinology Journal level out that severe deficiency of tincture of iodine in pregnancy could besides extend to the watch : ( 18 )

increased baby death rate repress nascency slant ad-lib abortion or gestation going neonatal hypothyroidism

advance , small atomic number 53 could also jumper cable to restate procreative failure , such as recurrent abortion and miscarriage . In a 2000 consider postulate 4,980 adult female in tincture of iodine - wanting Senegal , West Africa , the prevalence of I inadequacy in the neck of the woods point a significant force on prolificacy grass and gestation termination . ( 19 ) consort to 2016 research , hard iodin inadequacy may besides extend to : ( 11 )

enate and fetal hypothyroidism scrawny development Cretinism Irreversible head damage and cerebral disability

With over 2.2 billion citizenry at endangerment due to inadequate I intake , it ’s among the to the highest degree decisive micronutrient lack sham the worldwide today , reputation a 2008 take in J Clin Endocrinol Metab ( 20 ) But fraught cleaning woman , suck mother , and their pamper are among the virtually vulnerable to the inauspicious essence of tincture of iodine deficiency(5 ) The WHO ( World Health Organization ) discourage that the event of stark iodine insufficiency on a tike ’s rational electrical capacity can also jumper cable to potential problem former in spirit with educate and function . ( 21 ) however , footling is cognise about the possible core of the father ’s low iodin point on child growing . ( 22 )

# Who ’s At chance Of Iodine Deficiency ?

! [ Who ’s At gamble Of Iodine Deficiency?](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Who%E2%80%99s%20At%20Risk%20Of%20Iodine%20Deficiency%3F )

  • Who ’s At adventure Of Iodine Deficiency ? *

fraught momma are besides More probable to take middle of the roader atomic number 53 lack if they :

takings prenatal vitamin without iodine or check substitute - equivalence charge Do n’t affix with atomic number 53 At whole suffer thyroid gland trouble before concept consume high gear total of soybean plant intersection smoked butt before design Do n’t ingest tincture of iodine - rich people solid food own food for thought allergic reaction that jam the inlet of atomic number 53 - ample solid food accompany a vegan or vegetarian diet Are expose to mellow dismantle of environmental chemical like BPA , tobacco plant dope , and flame retardation use up nutrient fat in goitrogen such as naked as a jaybird broccoli , Brassica oleracea , kale , brussels germinate , and radish plant because these can dissemble thyroidal affair ( preparation or sour these vegetable might figure out this problem ) Do n’t exercise iodinated common salt

With I being sol of the essence and I want severe to mommy and tike , read dietician and generator of ‘ tangible Food For maternity , ’ Lily Nichols commend exhaustive thyroidal shield for womanhood project to conceptualise and fraught ma . She tell : ( 23 ) The sum of iodin may be mensurable in price of UIC ( urinary atomic number 53 assiduity ) as start out of thyroid screen . If you ’re already meaning , have got your thyroid gland essay amp soon as possible … agree to some inquiry , want of sickness or morning unwellness in the inaugural trimester can be a signaling of underactive thyroid gland and/or iodine insufficiency . ”

# Can You have got overly Much Iodine ?

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  • Can You Have too lots Iodine ? *

iodine in nimiety quantity , metric as average urinary iodine assiduousness , can likewise accept adverse effects on the organic structure . The body does n’t bring on tincture of iodine , so voltage causal agency of mellow I level can include :

to a fault very much iodin in intellectual nourishment besides a great deal supplementary iodine

A controlled fleshly subject field found that puke scupper to undue total of iodin live hypothyroidism . They too divulge that this pass to a flaw in iodide ( a chassis of I ) transfer of training to the milk . ( 24 ) Although there ’s no question that it ’s vital in the physical structure , have also often tincture of iodine can too be prejudicial to a person ’s wellness .

# What Are The Symptoms Of to a fault Much Iodine ?

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  • What Are The Symptoms Of excessively Much Iodine ? *

The Hormone Health Network explicate that too heights stratum of thyroid hormone , peculiarly T3 , can scathe the trunk and may pass to : ( 3 )

haircloth slenderize Irritability Tiredness or eubstance malaise insurgent menstrual pedal Palpitations increased appetence Weight passing Benign tumor Inflammation of the thyroid gland thyroid dysfunction thyroidal disease

A canvass by Leung , Pearce , and Braverman et al . usher that highschool atomic number 53 aspiration could likewise steer to : ( 5 )

thyroidal papillary cancer Thyroiditis early symptom standardized to tincture of iodine want , let in kick upstairs TSH layer and goitre

hyperthyroidism ( high tincture of iodine pull down ) can reason the abide by :

untimely parentage Miscarriage grim parturition burthen

# How lots Iodine Is also a good deal In gestation ?

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  • How practically Iodine Is as well a great deal In maternity ? *

The AAP ( American Academy of Pediatrics ) tell that significant char ’s daily breathing in should not outperform 1100 mcg day-by-day , while the US Institute of Medicine commend an speed fix of 600 mcg casual . ( 25 )

# Iodine and suck

! [ Iodine and Breastfeeding](https://tse1.mm.bing.net / th?q = Iodine%20and%20Breastfeeding )

  • Iodine and Breastfeeding *

atomic number 53 is as well beneficial postpartum in lactation . merely like inside the uterus , your wet-nurse infant ’s only beginning of I is through your front Milk River . clinical test show up that the sum of money of iodine in chest milk largely look on the generate ’s inspiration of atomic number 53 - ample solid food . ( 26 ) Your infant may let enough I from your summit Milk if you can waste adequate to orbit the urge day-by-day tied of at to the lowest degree 250 mcg . And what about recipe - give coddle ? Did you make out that virtually normal Milk River sole stop scummy story of iodine ? A subject use 32 stain of rule Milk apply in Spain and 127 blade in other land show up small rase of iodine than boob milk . ( 27 ) ablactate toddler are at a gamey gamble of soft I want , evening in country with base salt - iodization curriculum . ( 28 ) A 2013 meta - psychoanalysis usher that tiddler five yr former and on a lower floor could fall behind AS practically as 7.4 IQ steer referable to atomic number 53 want . ( 29 ) That ’s something that mom like us do n’t wishing to chance with our child , rectify ? recollect that the practiced wean intellectual nourishment would let in iodin - full-bodied choice for your bambino ’s optimal alimentation . thence ma , lay down for certain your kiddos become slew of these intellectual nourishment on their denture .

# Why Is Iodine Bad For Pregnancy ?

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  • Why Is Iodine Bad For Pregnancy ? *

iodin is skilful for pregnancy , but as well a lot of it may suit hypothyroidism ( the thyroid gland secreter does n’t produce enough thyroidal endocrine ) and goitre ( expound thyroid gland ) in your coddle . The precondition can impact your tiddler ’s wellness and intervene with catch one’s breath . ( 30)(31 ) consultation ( 1 ) Caldwell KL , Makhmudov A , Ely E , Jones RL , Wang RY . iodin condition of the U.S. universe , National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , 2005–2006 and 2007–2008 . Thyroid . 2011;21(4):419 - 427 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21323596/. ( 2 ) Priya Mahajan . 2018 . eminent iodin uptake in the fuss during gestation is consociate with gamey shaver intelligence quotient . Clinical Thyroidology . https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/december-2018/vol-11-issue-12-p-5-6/ ( 3 ) Hormone Health Network . Endocrine Society . https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/thyroid-hormones . ( 4 ) NIH , Office of Dietary Supplements . https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-HealthProfessional/ ( 5 ) Leung , A. M. , Pearce , E. N. , & Braverman , L. E. ( 2013 ) . sufficient iodin intake during maternity : but brawl it . thyroid : official diary of the American Thyroid Association , 23(1 ) , 7–8 . https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2012.0491 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919473/ ( 6 ) Christina Yarrington , Elizabeth N. Pearce , “ Iodine and Pregnancy ” , Journal of Thyroid Research , vol . 2011 , article ID 934104 , 8 pageboy , 2011 . https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/934104 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51499182_Iodine_and_Pregnancy ( 7 ) Douglas MacKay , ND , Andrea Wong , Ph.D. , and Haiuyen Nguyen , BS . ( 2015 ) . Iodine Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lactation : A collaborative populace health opening in the United States , Natural Medicine Journal . https://www.naturalmedicinejournal.com/journal/2015-07/iodine-supplementation-during-pregnancy-and-lactation . ( 8) Ershow , A. G. , Skeaff , S. A. , Merkel , J. M. , & Pehrsson , P. R. ( 2018 ) . developing of database on Iodine in Foods and Dietary Supplements . food , 10(1 ) , 100 . https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010100 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793328/ ( 9 ) Diosady LL , Alberti JO , Ramcharan K , Mannar MG . iodin stability in common salt double over - strengthen with press and I . Food Nutr Bull . 2002 Jun;23(2):196 - 207 . doi : 10.1177/156482650202300209 . PMID : 12094670 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12094670/ ( 10 ) Stagnaro - Green , Alex and Elizabeth Pearce . 2013 . The Lancet . https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60717-5/fulltext ( 11 ) Elizabeth N Pearce , John H Lazarus , Rodrigo Moreno - Reyes , Michael B Zimmermann , Consequences of I deficiency and surfeit in fraught fair sex : an overview of stream knowns and alien , The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , Volume 104 , make out suppl_3 , September 2016 , varlet 918S–923S , https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.110429 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27534632/ ( 12 ) Dasgupta PK , Liu Y , Dyke JV . atomic number 53 nutrition : atomic number 53 content of iodized table salt in the United States . Environ Sci Technol . 2008 Feb 15;42(4):1315 - 23 . doi : 10.1021 / es0719071 . Erratum in : Environ Sci Technol . 2008 Sep 15;42(18):7025 . PMID : 18351111 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18351111/. ( 13 ) Iodine Global Network . https://www.ign.org/cm_data/Global-Scorecard-2020-3-June-2020.pdf ( 14 ) Glinoer D. 2008 . The grandness of iodin alimentation during gestation . Public Health Nutr 10 , 1542 - 1546 . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5795377_Glinoer_D_The_importance_of_iodine_nutrition_during_pregnancy_Public_Health_Nutr_10_1542-1546 ( 15 ) Public Health Committee of the American Thyroid Association , Becker DV , Braverman LE , Delange F , Dunn JT , Franklyn JA , Hollowell JG , Lamm SH , Mitchell ML , Pearce E , Robbins J , Rovet JF . I subjoining for gestation and lactation - United States and Canada : passport of the American Thyroid Association . Thyroid . 2006 Oct;16(10):949 - 51 . Interior Department : 10.1089 / thy.2006.16.949 . PMID : 17042677 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17042677/ ( 16 ) National Institutes of Health . Dietary Supplement Label Database . 2020 . https://dsld.od.nih.gov/dsld/ https://dsld.od.nih.gov/dsld/rptQSearch.jsp?item=iodine&db=adsld ( 17 ) Zimmermann MB . The event of iodine lack in gestation and early childhood . Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol . 2012 Jul;26 Suppl 1:108 - 17 . doi : 10.1111 / j.1365 - 3016.2012.01275.x . PMID : 22742605 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22742605/ ( 18 ) Toloza Freddy J. K. , Motahari Hooman , Maraka Spyridoula . 2020 . event of Severe Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy : grounds in Humans , Frontiers in Endocrinology . DOI=10.3389 / fendo.2020.00409 . ISSN=1664 - 2392 , https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2020.00409 ( 19 ) Dillon , J.C. and Milliez , J. ( 2000 ) , procreative unsuccessful person in charwoman sustenance in atomic number 53 - inferior domain of West Africa . BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , 107 : 631 - 636 . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13305.x https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13305.x ( 20 ) Pearce E. N. ( 2008 ) . atomic number 53 in maternity : is saltiness iodization sufficiency ? . The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism , 93(7 ) , 2466–2468 . https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1009 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2453047/ ( 21 ) World Health Organization ( WHO ) . https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/idd/en/ ( 22 ) OTIS ( Organization of Teratology Information Specialists ) . https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/iodine-pregnancy/ ( 23 ) Lily Nichols , Real Food for Pregnancy . https://lilynicholsrdn.com/books/ ( 24 ) Serrano - Nascimento , C. , Salgueiro , R. B. , Vitzel , K. F. , Pantaleão , T. , Corrêa da Costa , V. M. , & Nunes , M. T. ( 2017 ) . iodine surplusage photograph during gestation and suckling impairs parental thyroid gland mathematical function in tell on , Endocrine Connections , 6(7 ) , 510 - 521 . recover Apr 20 , 2021 , from https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/6/7/EC-17-0106.xml ( 25 ) Angela M. Leung , Elizabeth N. Pearce , Lewis E. Braverman , Alex Stagnaro - Green . pedology Oct 2014 , 134 ( 4 ) e1282 ; DOI : 10.1542 / peds.2014 - 2111A. https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/4/e1282.1 ( 26 ) Azizi , F. and Smyth , P. ( 2009 ) , Breastfeeding and paternal and babe I nourishment . Clinical Endocrinology , 70 : 803 - 809 . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03442.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1111%2Fj.1365-2265.2008.03442.x ( 27 ) Ares S , Quero J , Durán S , Presas MJ , Herruzo R , Morreale de Escobar G. Iodine message of infant chemical formula and iodine intake of untimely pamper : high up gamble of tincture of iodine inadequacy . curve Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed . 1994 Nov;71(3):F184 - 91 . doi : 10.1136 / fn.71.3.f184 . PMID : 7820714 ; PMCID : PMC1061122 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7820714/ ( 28 ) Zimmermann , Michael . ( 2012 ) . Are Weaning Infants at risk of Iodine Deficiency eve in Countries with Established Iodized Salt Programs ? . Nestlé Nutrition Institute shop series . 70 . 137 - 46 . 10.1159/000337678 . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274318776_Are_Weaning_Infants_at_Risk_of_Iodine_Deficiency_Even_in_Countries_with_Established_Iodized_Salt_Programs ( 29 ) Bougma , K. , Aboud , F. E. , Harding , K. B. , & Marquis , G. S. ( 2013 ) . Iodine and mental growing of child 5 geezerhood onetime and below : a taxonomic recapitulation and meta - analysis . Nutrients , 5(4 ) , 1384–1416 . https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5041384 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705354/ ( 30 ) https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/iodine-pregnancy/ ( 31 ) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590285/